Using the Solow growth theory and a modified Cobb-Douglas production function which contains human capital,this paper analyzes the impact of population aging and population growth on economic growth.Theoretical analysis shows that both population aging and population growth have negative influence on economic growth.Empirical models on the basis of theoretical analysis are constructed and China′s provincial panel data from 1990-2008 for empirical test are collected.Model results correspond to the results of theoretical analysis.The research also shows that:(1) initial GDP per capita has negative effect on economic growth,indicating conditional convergence in China′s regional economic growth;(2) human capital investment,saving rate and labor force participation rate all have positive influence on economic growth.